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The two-band spin diffusion model has been extended to nonequilibrium systems to investigate the recently discovered spin-Seebeck effect in a ferromagnetic metal. A calculation using this model well reproduces the experimental results for a Ni81Fe19 film; the gradient of electrochemical potential is different between up- and down-spin bands affected by a temperature difference between the ends of the film.
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Uchida et al. (2009) studied this question.
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