Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
The author examines fully the military role of chemical warfare and its effects on the people, industries, and administrations on both sides; he also considers the growing moral problems it created. The launching of an entirely new weapon that did not discriminate between soldiers and civilians raised complex issues which were debated endlessly between the wars and which, in recent years, have led to agreement among the powers not to use chemical or biological warfare.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Kleber et al. (1988) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: