The Creek‐Negroes of Oklahoma and Canadian Immigration, 1909–11

IN HIS OUTLINE OF CANADIAN IMMIGRATION published in Adam Shortt's I9I 4 multi-volume work, Canada And Its Provinces, William Duncan Scott, superintendent of immigration under Frank Oliver, noted: 'At no time has the immigration of [Negroes] been encouraged by the [Canadian] government ...'• At the turn of the century not only were Canadian immigration officials reluctant to assist American Negroes in migrating to Canada, but resisted any attempts by blacks to take advantage of Canada's liberal customs, homestead, and citizenship regulations. •' While the Immigration Branch of the Department of the Interior maintained an active network of immigration agencies in the United States, the American blacks were covertly excluded from promotional work? In I899 departmental ssistant secretary in charge