Doughnut-shaped beams can trap low-index or non-transparent particles. It is demonstrated that a TEM01* mode beam emitted directly by a photonic-crystal (PC) laser can stably trap metal particles in two dimensions. Replacing a conventional Gaussian-beam laser with a PC laser overcomes the limits of conventional optical tweezers, thereby opening the way for novel applications.
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Sakai et al. (2007) studied this question.
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