Expression of ribosomopathy genes during Xenopus tropicalis embryogenesis

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. a Schematic of ribosome biogenesis. The rDNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase I and the resulting rRNA is processed in the nucleolus before being incorporated into the large ribosomal subunit (LSU) or small ribosomal subunit (SSU). b Schematic of X. tropicalis embryos at examined stages. Major anatomical features are labeled. A: anterior, P: posterior, D: dorsal, R: ventral

• 

  Fig. 2. Expression of disease-linked ribosome biogenesis factors in X. tropicalis embryos. a Expression of all four genes was detected in the 4-cell and gastrulating embryo. Signal was strongly detected in the neural folds at stage 16 and in the migrating neural crest at stage 22. b At later stages expression of all factors was detected in the facial primordia and developing brain. Note the restricted expression at the mid–hindbrain border and forebrain. Expression was also typically detected in ventral mesoderm and hypaxial muscle precursor cells. utp4 mRNA was strongly detected at the site of the future liver. c Red lines labeled a*, b* and c* in diagrams of stage 10 and 28 embryos represent the planes of section shown in a and b

• 

  Fig. 3. rps genes are dynamically expressed in development. a Expression of all five rps genes examined was observed in the stage 10 gastrula, stage 16 neural folds, and migrating CNC at stage 20–22. b Each gene was widely detected in the developing head at later stages (28–40), including all the pharyngeal arches, brain, eyes and ears. rps17, 19 and 29 were also robustly detected in the ventral mesoderm, while rps7 was particularly defined in somites. With the exception of rps7, transcripts of all mRNAs were detected in the dorso-lateral plate mesodermal region where the pronephros and hypaxial muscle will form. c Red lines labeled a*, b* and c* in diagrams of stage 10 and 28 embryos represent the planes of section shown in a and b

• 

  Fig. 4. Expression of rpl genes. a rpl mRNA was weakly detected or absent at early stages of development but, with the exception of rpl15, became up-regulated in the neural folds and migratory neural crest from neurula stages onwards. b At later stages expression of all four rpl genes was evident broadly throughout the head, pharyngeal arches, neural tube and ventral mesoderm/blood islands. c Red lines labeled a*, b* and c* in diagrams of stage 10 and 28 embryos represent the planes of section shown in a and b

• 

  Fig. 5. Dynamics of gene expression of poly(A) + mRNA in transcripts per embryo . a Plot of all examined genes. Note the relatively consistent dynamics but variably levels of of RP gene transcription. b Expression dynamics of ribosome biogenesis factors. While variable, three pronounced peaks in expression are evident during development (red arrows). c Expression of individual biogenesis factors