Increased Density of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 on the Surfaces of CD4 + T Cells and Monocytes of Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Infection

Distribution of chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, which are also coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 invasion of cells, was measured on the surfaces of CD4(+) T cells and monocytes in peripheral blood samples from a group of Kenyan car washers. Patients with active schistosomiasis displayed higher cell surface densities of these receptors than did cured schistosomiasis patients.