The loss of kinetic energy of highly charged, heavy ions (Ar¹⁸⁺, Xe⁴⁴⁺, and Au⁶⁹⁺) in thin carbon foils has been measured as a function projectile velocity in the range from 6×10⁵ to 11×10⁵m/s. Evidence for strong pre-equilibrium energy-loss enhancements is observed for highly charged xenon and gold ions.
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Schenkel et al. (1997) studied this question.
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