Immobile solvated ions such as NH4+⋅NH3 act as kinetic traps that prevent the proton-transfer reaction between H3O+ and NH3 on ice surfaces at 85–140 K reaching thermodynamic equilibrium. A combination of Cs+ reactive ion scattering and mass spectrometry showed that all species of the reaction (NH3, NH4+, H2O, and H3O+) coexist on ice. This result indicates that metastable species can be produced and kinetically stabilized on ice surfaces such that they may contribute to the chemistry of stratospheric and interstellar ice particles.
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Park et al. (2001) studied this question.
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