Legal regulation of social risks in employment relations

The article examines the problem of legal regulation of social risk in labor relations under the conditions of transformation of the modern labor market, digitalization of the economy, and the spread of non-standard forms of employment. It is substantiated that social risk is an integral component of labor legal relations and encompasses not only the threat of job loss or loss of earnings, but also a wider range of negative consequences, including deterioration of health, professional deactualization, psycho-emotional burnout, discrimination, and loss of social stability of the employee. It is emphasized that in modern conditions, traditional mechanisms of legal regulation and social protection no longer fully correspond to the new challenges associated with the development of remote, flexible, and platform employment. The article analyzes contemporary scientific research and publications in the field of labor law and social security law concerning the essence of social risk, its classification, mechanisms for minimization, and the distribution of responsibility between the state and the employer. It is established that most scientific works are primarily focused on classical labor legal relations, while the legal regulation of social risks in the digital labor environment remains insufficiently comprehensive. The article emphasizes the need to form a new model of legal regulation of social risks based on the principles of prevention, social partnership, and corporate social responsibility. The importance of international standards of social responsibility and occupational safety management in ensuring an adequate level of worker protection is examined. Special attention is paid to the problems of algorithmic discrimination, cognitive overload, and psychosocial risks arising from the digitalization of labor processes. It is concluded that effective legal regulation of social risk should combine strict state guarantees with flexible mechanisms of collective bargaining regulation and social insurance instruments. The prospective direction for further scientific research is defined as the development of legal mechanisms for the protection of workers in the context of the use of artificial intelligence, automation of labor, and the transformation of the professional structure of the labor market.