Migration of Plants and People: How Botany Reflects the History of Civilizations

This article develops an interdisciplinary model for analyzing plant migration as a productive resource for contemporary landscape design. Through case studies of the Silk Road, the Columbian Exchange, and botanical imperialism, it demonstrates how plants act as active agents of history. The work formulates principles for "historically conscious phytodesign," arguing for a more critical and adaptive approach to plant selection in the face of globalization. The study integrates methods from environmental history, social anthropology, and cultural geography, and proposes a phylogeographic approach to selecting planting material under conditions of a changing climate.