Potential Role of Propolis Nanoparticles in Medicine and Health: An Updated Review

N anotechnology is the science of very tiny objects with adjacent chemical and physical structures, as well as increased reactivity and solubility.When the active constituent is nanosized, the substance's stability is boosted due to its protection from oxidizing agents, other chemicals, and enzymes (Kirtane et al., 2021).It is predicted for nanotechnology to do significant advances in medicine, as gene therapy, imaging, and novel drug discovery and drug delivery in the treatment of several diseases as diabetes, cancer, and others, in addition to advances in electronics, material science, space research, and robotics (DiSanto et al., 2015;Mohamed et al., 2021).Nanotechnology has a broad and possible impact on veterinary medicine and improves the safety of domestic animals, production, and income to the farmers by using nanomaterials.Approaches in nanoscience have the potential to solve substantial challenges in the field of animal health.It has the potential to resolve dozens of new mysteries relating to veterinary fields (Şenel, 2020).Propolis is a plant resin obtained by bees via variety of plant parts to protect the hive from insects and microbes while also maintaining the hive's appropriate temperature and humidity, it is dark yellow to brown glue and balsam (Drescher et al., 2019).Propolis contains at least 300 components, with resins (50 %), waxes (30 %), essential oils (10 %), pollen (5 %), and other organic compounds (5 %) accounting for the majority.Phenolic parts and esters, as well as various kinds of flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, aromatic beta-aldehydes, alcohols, sesquiterpenes, and stilbenes, can all be found among the organic components.The interaction of these chemicals produces a synergic effect that is crucial to propolis' biological activity.Rutin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), quercetin, p-coumaric review