Key result
Low infant body weight in cardiac surgery is linked to ~14% hospital mortality.
Why the study?
Infants with low body weight (<2.2 kg) undergoing cardiac surgery have worse postoperative outcomes compared to normal weight infants, but detailed comparative data are limited.
Does low body weight (<2.2 kg) increase morbidity and mortality in infants undergoing cardiac surgery compared to normal body weight infants?
Cohort (n=76)
No
Does low body weight (<2.2 kg) increase morbidity and mortality in infants undergoing cardiac surgery compared to normal body weight infants?
Low body weight (<2.2 kg) in infants undergoing cardiac surgery is associated with significantly increased ICU morbidity and hospital mortality compared to normal-weight peers.
May warrant heightened perioperative monitoring in low-weight infants; leaves open whether targeted interventions improve outcomes.
INTRODUCTION: Infants with low body weight (LBW) following cardiac surgery are a major challenge for the post cardiac surgery care unit. It has been observed that post surgery outcome for LBW infants is worse compared to the outcome of normal body weight infants. A study was conducted to compare post operative course and outcome of infants with body weight of 2.2 kg or less against infants with normal body weight who underwent similar cardiac surgeries. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed for all infants below 2.2 kg who underwent cardiac operations at King Abdulaziz Cardiac Center from January 2001 to October 2011. Cases with LBW (Group A) were compared with matching group (Group B) of normal body weight infants who had similar cardiac surgeries and matching surgical risk category. The demographic, ICU parameters, complications, and short-term outcome of both groups were analyzed. RESULTS: Two groups were formed, with 37 patients in Group A, and 39 patients in Group B. Except for weight (2.13 ± 0.08 kg in Group A vs 3.17 ± 0.2 kg in Group B), there was no statistical difference in demographic data between both groups. Cardiac procedures included coarctation repair, arterial switch, ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair, tetralogy of Fallot repair, systemic to pulmonary shunt and Norwood procedures. Patients in Group A had statistically significant difference from Group B in terms of bypass time (p = 0.01), duration of inotropes (p = 0.01), duration of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.004), number of re-intubations (p = 0.015), PCICU length of stay (p = 0.007), and hospital mortality: 13.5% in Group A vs 0% in Group B (p value 0.02). CONCLUSION: Patients with LBW (<2.2 kg) underwent cardiac surgery with overall satisfactory results, but with increased risk of ICU morbidity and mortality.
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Mehmood et al. (2014) conducted a cohort in Infants undergoing cardiac surgery (n=76). Low body weight (<2.2 kg) vs. Normal body weight was evaluated on Hospital mortality (p=0.02). Low body weight (<2.2 kg) in infants undergoing cardiac surgery was associated with significantly higher hospital mortality compared to normal body weight infants (13.5% vs 0%; p=0.02).
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