Thermal and mechanical behavior of high power ZnO surge arresters under current pulses of various magnitude and duration is simulated. By solving heat transfer equations for a varistor disk with nonuniform electrical properties, we compute the time dependence of the temperature profile and the distribution of thermal stresses. The simulations identify failure processes and determine energy handling capability of varistor elements as a function of the applied current. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data and explain the energy handling dependence upon the surge intensity and duration.
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Bartkowiak et al. (1996) studied this question.
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