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High gradient 70 mm aperture superconducting low-beta quadrupole magnets have been developed at KEK as part of the collaboration between CERN and KEK for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). After development of two 1 m model magnets, the third model magnet with the new coil design was built and excitation tests were completed. The third model successfully reached the design field gradient of 240 T/m and showed training memory after full thermal cycles. Other quench tests were performed and it was verified that the third model exhibited reliable quench performance and sufficient safety margin during operation.
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Nakamoto et al. (2001) studied this question.
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