A method to simulate the effects of a roughened surface on a turbulent boundary layer is introduced. The method is easy to implement, does not increase the numerical overhead of the code, and affects the mean velocity in an a priori predictable way. A single parameter k is sufficient to fully characterize the roughness. The procedure has been tested in turbulent channel flows at Reτ=1000, with roughness heights k+ spanning the transitional regime. The properties of the rough flow agree well with experimental data.
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Alberto Scotti (2006) studied this question.
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