The Effect of Nutrition on Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Narrative Review of Evidence and Clinical Implications

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal condition characterised by degeneration of the macula, leading to central vision loss. Whilst the underlying mechanism of AMD is not fully understood, oxidative stress is believed to be the main driving force behind retinal damage. Although the prevalence of AMD increases with factors such as age, smoking, and sun exposure, these alone do not fully explain individual risk. Nutritional factors, in particular dietary antioxidant intake, have been shown to influence the progression of dry AMD by mitigating oxidative stress and supporting retinal cellular function. By considering the effects of nutrition on retinal health and disease outcomes, we can further our understanding of AMD pathogenesis.