Apex structures enhance water drainage on leaves

Significance Liquid manipulation is of significance not only for industrial spraying and drainage facilities, but also for the survival of creatures. Plant leaves perform excellently in rainwater drainage and leaf drying at the apex to avoid damage. Here we demonstrate that apex structure enhances water shedding with high dripping frequencies and low retention volumes. Based on the understanding of the tiny apex structure in controlling water delivery at the plant leaf, the evolutionary law of leaf apex shape could be further revealed. The shape-controlled liquid manipulation mechanism would improve the microfluidic and drainage systems.