Opercular beat rates of rainbow darters Etheostoma caeruleum were used as a measure of a physiological response to chemical stimulation. Rainbow darters responded significantly to some chemical cues (active and ambush predators, competitors, novel stimuli and to conspecific and heterospecific alarm cues) with increases in opercular movements; neutral cues and novel alarm cues did not elicit significant changes. Changes in opercular movements may be a good bioassay for determining detection of chemical stimuli by rainbow darters.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Gibson et al. (2006) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: