Epidemiologic Characteristics of Community-Acquired Pneumonia at the Present Stage: Review of the Literature

Introduction. The review is devoted to epidemiologic aspects of community-acquired pneumonia. The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia remains high both in the world and in the Russian Federation (RF). The economic burden of this infection shows the need for the development of new methods to combat community-acquired pneumonia. Purpose of the study. To study the epidemiologic features of community-acquired pneumonia at the present stage. Materials and methods. We analyzed original articles on the topic of community-acquired pneumonia published in the databases PubMed, VINITI, electronic scientific library cyberleninka.ru. The most important articles in English and Russian, investigating issues related to etiology, epidemiology, diagnostics and treatment of out-of-hospital pneumonia, were selected. Results. Statistical data on the incidence of out-of-hospital pneumonia in the Russian Federation for 2019-2023 are presented. The etiology, main risk factors, risk groups and methods of prevention of this infection are studied. The etiologic significance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in the development of community-acquired pneumonia is considered. Antibiotic resistance of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae occurring in the Russian Federation is presented. The importance of vaccine prophylaxis of community-acquired pneumonia to prevent its spread in organized collectives is noted. Conclusion. The analysis of the literature has shown that the study of epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia is an urgent task at the present stage. Interest in this infection is constantly maintained at a high level. In 2019, since the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the publication activity on this topic has significantly increased. The issues of studying new etiologic agents of community-acquired pneumonia, search for modern drugs and diagnostic methods, development of regulatory documentation for the purpose of timely epidemiologic monitoring and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia remain relevant.