An experiment is proposed in which observation of the fluorescence from an atomic beam coherently excited by a pulsed laser and subsequently acted upon by an oscillating field allows one to distinguish atoms which have undergone one transition to a second state and back again to the original state from atoms which have undergone no transition at all. This experiment, for which one might have expected no distinction to exist, is interpreted in terms of the 0 and 2 pi rotations of a spinorial quantity.
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Mark P. Silverman (1980) studied this question.
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