Peter G. L. Klinkhamer, Tom J. De Jong, The Importance of Small-Scale Disturbance for Seedling Establishment in Cirsium Vulgare and Cynoglossum Officinale, Journal of Ecology, Vol. 76, No. 2 (Jun., 1988), pp. 383-392
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Klinkhamer et al. (1988) studied this question.
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