Modeling Short-Range and Three-Membered Ring Structures in Lithium Borosilicate Glasses Using a Machine-Learning Potential

Lithium borosilicate (LBS) glass is a prototypical lithium-ion conducting oxide glass available for an all-solid-state buttery. Nevertheless, the atomistic modeling of LBS glass using ab initio (AIMD) and classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations has critical limitations due to computational cost and inaccuracy in reproducing the glass microstructures, respectively. To overcome these difficulties, a machine-learning potential (MLP) was examined in this work for modeling LBS glasses using DeepMD. The glass structures obtained by this MLP possessed 4-fold coordinated boron ( 4 B) confirmed well with the experimental data and abundance of three-membered rings. The models were energetically more stable compared with those constructed with a functional force field even though both the models included reasonable 4 B. The results confirmed MLP to be superior to model the boron-containing glasses and address the inherent shortcomings of the AIMD and CMD. This study also discusses some limitations of MLP for modeling glasses.