In Silico Identification of Key Transcription Factors Associated with Insecticide Resistance in the Housefly, Musca domesticа

Transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in regulating the expression of genes associated with insecticide resistance in insects. The aim of this study was an in silico analysis of key transcription factors associated with insecticide resistance in Musca domestica for their subsequent use as biomarkers of pesticide exposure. Literature analysis was used to select candidate TF genes, and their orthologs in the Drosophila melanogaster genome were identified using the InsectTFDB database and the BLASTP algorithm. In silico screening of the M. domestica genome identified orthologs of 10 key transcription factors (CncC, Maf-S, HR96, AhR, ARNT, HNF4, ERR, Ftz-F1, CrebB, CF2) known to be associated with insecticide resistance in other insects. Bioinformatic analysis confirmed that most of these factors form a statistically significant functional network enriched in xenobiotic metabolism and hormone biosynthesis pathways. Thus, the obtained data provided a scientifically sound basis for further experimental validation and the development of a comprehensive molecular biomarker panel for monitoring resistance to various classes of insecticides in the housefly.