Russian Respiratory Society. Federal Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The guidelines have been developed by the Russian Respiratory Society (RRS) based on analysis of papers published during the last 5 years in MEDLINE and ENBASE databases and the Cochrane library. The results of the analysis were subsequently reviewed by independent experts with consideration of the opinion of physicians and general practitioners. A quality and a strength of the evidence were assessed using worldwide criteria. The guidelines are focused on epidemiology and social burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pathogenesis, clinical signs, characterization of phenotypes and severity, current diagnostic and differentiating methods and therapeutic approaches including long-tern oxygen therapy at home, long-term respiratory support at home, surgical treatment, pulmonary rehabilitation, treatment of complications and acute exacerbation of COPD. The guidelines are fully consistent with requirements of the Healthcare Ministry of Russia for federal guidelines on principal nosologies and treatment techniques