The rapid growth of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and their charging infrastructure has given rise to various challenges regarding the stable operation of EV charging stations (CSs). Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) charging schemes decrease the dependency on CSs, but they also increase the reliance on a single source type. This maximizes the charging cost and minimizes the system continuity rate. In this work, energy routing-based resilient distributed control is presented by emphasizing the flexibility of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). This provides an efficient energy management framework for EV CSs with optimal power sharing and cost-effective energy trading, by enabling DERs to EVs and V2V energy transactions. The dynamic performance of the proposed scheme is enhanced by using the Augmented Lagrangian approach. The resiliency of this distributed control approach is quantified by using a resiliency matrix to reflect its enhanced continuity under different system disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated by considering different case study scenarios of EV-loading and system-level disturbances.
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Arsalan et al. (2023) studied this question.
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