Marine Ferromanganese Encrustations: Archives of Changing Oceans

Research Article| June 01, 2017 Marine Ferromanganese Encrustations: Archives of Changing Oceans Andrea Koschinsky; Andrea Koschinsky 1 Jacobs University Bremen Department of Physics and Earth Sciences Campus Ring, Bremen, D-28759, Germany E-mail: a.koschinsky@jacobs-university.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar James R. Hein James R. Hein 2 U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center 2885 Mission St Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA E-mail: jhein@usgs.gov Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Andrea Koschinsky 1 Jacobs University Bremen Department of Physics and Earth Sciences Campus Ring, Bremen, D-28759, Germany E-mail: a.koschinsky@jacobs-university.de James R. Hein 2 U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center 2885 Mission St Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA E-mail: jhein@usgs.gov Publisher: Mineralogical Society of America First Online: 29 Nov 2017 Online Issn: 1811-5217 Print Issn: 1811-5209 Copyright © 2017 by the Mineralogical Society of AmericaMineralogical Society of America Elements (2017) 13 (3): 177–182. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.13.3.177 Article history First Online: 29 Nov 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Andrea Koschinsky, James R. Hein; Marine Ferromanganese Encrustations: Archives of Changing Oceans. Elements 2017;; 13 (3): 177–182. doi: https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.13.3.177 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyElements Search Advanced Search Marine iron–manganese oxide coatings occur in many shallow and deep-water areas of the global ocean and can form in three ways: 1) Fe–Mn crusts can precipitate from seawater onto rocks on seamounts; 2) Fe–Mn nodules can form on the sediment surface around a nucleus by diagenetic processes in sediment pore water; 3) encrustations can precipitate from hydrothermal fluids. These oxide coatings have been growing for thousands to tens of millions of years. They represent a vast archive of how oceans have changed, including variations of climate, ocean currents, geological activity, erosion processes on land, and even anthropogenic impact. A growing toolbox of age-dating methods and element and isotopic signatures are being used to exploit these archives. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.