A distinction is made between two levels of sexual identification. The deeper level was measured by May's Deprivation/Enhancement fantasy pattern, while the surface level was assessed using the Masculinity-Femininity of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank. These measures, while clearly differentiating between college males and females, were found to be unrelated to each other. Moreover, the deeper level was found to be related to the use of "masculine" and "feminine" defense mechanisms.
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Cramer et al. (1978) studied this question.
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