Restricted access supramolecular solvents in liver and muscle microextraction for the simultaneous determination of more than thirty anthelmintic residues by liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid high resolution mass spectrometry

Restricted access-volatile supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS-RAM) are here successfully tested as a green strategy for removing macromolecules and extracting 39 regulated anthelmintics from liver and muscle samples. The investigated analytes included benzimidazoles (23), phenolic and salycilanide anthelmintics (4), imidazothiazoles (1), quinolone derivatives (1), tetrahydropyrimidines (1), macrocyclic lactones (6) and other anthelmintics (3). The quick protocol consisted in a combination of hexanol, water and THF to the sample. The spontaneous formation of SUPRAS-RAM was followed by its evaporation to dryness, consequent solubilization of dry residue and analysis by means of LC-HRMS/MS. The choice of the best sample preparation treatment was supported by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) due to high number of involved experiments and variables during the development. The method was successfully validated according to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/808 as semiquantitative method starting from 5 μg kg −1 and applied to all legislated species of liver and muscle (including fish).