Molecular and morphological study of the UV radiation on mice sperm formulation

After exposure of mice to ultra violet (UV) radiation for 30, 60 and 90 minutes for 8 days and after sacrificing the mice, sperm isolation and examine. The percentage of live and normal sperm decrease and the percentage of dead and abnormal sperm increase with the increase of exposure time as compared with the control, this is before fertilization. Also examine the sperm after fertilization to induce the new sperm formation. The results revealed that higher percentage of normal and live sperm was decreased and higher percentage of dead and abnormal sperm increased as compared with the percentage of them before fertilization and in compare with control. Also after each exposure, serum was examined to determine the concentration of reproductive hormones (FSH, LH and Testosterone). Before fertilization, the level of reproductive hormones increases with the increase of exposure time as compared with the control while after fertilization the level of reproductive hormones increases more than before fertilization.  There is a protein in humans called Zinc Finger Y-chromosomal protein which is encoded by the ZFY gene on the Y chromosome, there are two paralogous copies expressed in mice, Zfy1 and Zfy2, wrongful expression of one of them during spermatogenesis, results in apoptosis at the mid-pachytene checkpoint. Zfy genes in mice are useful for meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) and may work as a transcription factor. In Zfy knockout spermatocytes, sex chromosomes are wrongly coding. Therefore, the Zfy has some functions at the mid-pachytene checkpoint: (1) promote MSCI, (2) monitor MSCI progress, and (3) execute cells, by program cell death, that fail to undergo MSCI.  Our results show that zfy1 increases its expression in group (1) 4.06 fold after exposed to UV ray in 30 min and increases its expression in group (2,3) 11.80 and 20.00 folds after exposed to UV ray in 60 and 90 min respectively, that means increases in meiosis and higher incidence of meiotic errors lead to lower sperm counts and abnormalities sperms.