Early changes in glucose and phospholipid metabolism following apoptosis induction by IFN‐γ/TNF‐α in HT‐29 cells

The effects of apoptosis induction on glucose and phospholipid metabolite levels in cancer were studied using human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). Apoptosis was induced by co-incubation with 200 U/ml tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha for 4, 8 or 15 h, after sensitization with 500 U/ml interferon (IFN)-gamma for 7 h. Perchloric acid extracts were analyzed by (1)H and (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Significantly increased lactate and NTP (all nucleoside 5'-triphosphates) signals were detected 4 h after apoptosis-inducing IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha treatment, but not in cells which were TNF-alpha-treated without IFN-gamma preincubation. Simultaneous lactate and NTP changes, if confirmed in vivo, may serve as early, non-invasive markers of treatment response in some tumors.