Research Update: Beyond graphene—Synthesis of functionalized quantum dots of 2D materials and their applications

Two-dimensional quantum dots (2D-QDs) are receiving considerable attention for a wide variety of applications in sensing, imaging, therapeutics, catalysis, energy storage, and optoelectronics, among others. Functionalization of the 2D-QDs can enhance their capabilities and performance in these applications. Most research to-date has focused on graphene quantum dots, but interest in the functionalization of other 2D materials, such as phosphorene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and silicene, is growing rapidly. This research update provides an overview of recent progress in the synthesis, characterization, and application of functionalized 2D-QDs other than graphene.