A ytterbium-doped silica microcavity laser demonstrates stable laser emission while completely submerged in water. To our knowledge, it is the first solid-state laser whose cavity mode interacts with water. The device generates more than 2 microW of output power. The laser performance is presented, and low-concentration biosensing is discussed as a potential application.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Ostby et al. (2009) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: