La 0.4 Ca 0.6 Mn O 3 nanoparticles of grain size as small as ∼20nm are prepared and their magnetic behaviors are investigated in order to understand the size effect of the charge ordering in manganites. The highly stable charge-ordered state can be significantly suppressed upon reduction of the grain size down to nanometer scale, while the ferromagnetism is enhanced. The magnetic phase separation due to the competition between ferromagnetic state and charge-ordered state as well as the surface spin disordering is responsible for the spin-glass-like state at low temperature.
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Lu et al. (2007) studied this question.
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