Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Chlorine Transformations during the Pyrolysis of Straw

Transformation of nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine during straw pyrolysis at temperatures from 35 to 1450 °C was investigated by using the coupled thermogravimetry−differential scanning calorimetry−mass spectrometry (TG-DSC-MS) techniques and compared with that of coal. The characteristics of the residual solid char from the straw were analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD). Results show that all the nitrogen species (HCN, NH 3, HNCO, and CH 3 CN), chloric species (HCl and Cl 2 ), and sulfur species (SO 2, H 2 S and COS) began to release from straw from 200 °C, compared with 350 °C for the case of coal. Most of the gaseous species from the straw were released in the form of a sharp peak, compared with the coal which has a much wider peak. NH 3 and HNCO were the primary nitrogen species for both straw and coal; however for the straw the amount of NH 3 released was much higher than that of HNCO. Sulfur species from the straw pyrolysis are sparse, and there was only a little COS released. During coal pyrolysis no COS was detected at all and H 2 S was mainly formed at 500 °C∼600 °C. SO 2 was released in three stages (300−500 °C, 500−600 °C and 1200−1450 °C), and the largest SO 2 emission was found at high temperatures due to the decomposition of sulfate. The major chloric species from the pyrolysis of both straw and coal was HCl, and the ion current intensity of Cl 2 was very low. There was a critical temperature of around 800 °C, beyond which most of the chlorine would be released.