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Theoretical modeling demonstrates laser modulation transfer elevates noise floors in four-level heterodyne Rydberg systems, highlighting strategies to optimize microwave detection sensitivity.
This paper investigates the transfer of probe or coupling light modulation interference to density matrix elements in a four-level heterodyne Rydberg system. By combining the density matrix dynamical equations with power spectral density (PSD) analysis, we derive analytical solutions to describe this phenomenon. Our results demonstrate that coherence in multi-level systems fundamentally enables this transfer mechanism, thereby increasing the system's noise floor and degrading microwave detection sensitivity. Building on these findings, we establish a sensitivity-noise-constraint relationship to suppress the influence of noise.
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Tang et al. (2025) studied this question.
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