Inverse design of an indoor environment using a CFD-based adjoint method with the adaptive step size for adjusting the design parameters

The step size used in the computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based adjoint method has a significant effect on computing time. The constant step size usually used is obtained through a time-consuming trial-and-error process. This study used an adaptive step size for adjusting the design parameters in the CFD-based adjoint method. To validate the performance of the CFD-based adjoint method with the adaptive step size, this investigation evaluated three different inverse design cases with mixed convection flow. Our results confirmed that the adaptive step size is computationally efficient and can be used for the inverse design of an indoor environment.