Quantitative determination of many-body-induced interlayer charge transfer in bilayer electron systems via Shubnikov–de Haas measurements

Direct determination of subband densities via measurements of Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations in coupled bilayer electron systems reveals a many-body-induced interlayer charge transfer as the front layer is depleted by a front-gate bias: with decreasing front-gate bias the back-layer electron density increases while the front-layer density decreases faster than linearly. The data are in excellent quantitative agreement with a self-consistent calculation that includes exchange and correlation energies via local-density approximation.