The surgical management of orbital apex tumors is difficult. Intervention in this small posterior space is fraught with complications. We have used an interactive image guidance system to successfully biopsy and resect three tumors at the orbital apex without significant surgical morbidity. These three cases are presented. These interactive image guidance systems have revolutionized skull-base surgery and have a role in the surgical management of orbital apex tumors.
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Berger et al. (2002) studied this question.
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