Key result
Infant develops acute necrotizing encephalopathy with rapid neurological deterioration following a febrile respiratory illness.
Why the study?
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood is a rare encephalopathy with rapid neurological deterioration that has been rarely reported from the Middle East region.
Case Report (n=1)
Highlights the need to consider acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood in children with progressive neurological deterioration following a febrile convulsion, even in regions where it is rarely reported.
ANEC warrants consideration in pediatric febrile encephalopathy with rapid decline, even in low-incidence regions; extends sparse case literature and leaves diagnostic criteria open.
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare form of encephalopathy characterized by rapid neurological deterioration along with seizures, decreased level of consciousness and coma. We herein report ANEC in a 12- month-old Iranian girl following febrile respiratory illness. She presented with convulsions characterized by upward gaze, spastic posture and sucking movements followed by rapid deterioration of consciousness and hemodynamic instability due to involvement of brainstem. Although several cases have been reported from East Asian countries, it has been rarely reported from Middle East region. This is the third case being reported from Iran. The diagnosis of ANEC should be kept in mind in all children with progressive neurological deterioration following a febrile convulsion. Although neuroradiological findings might be non-specific especially in early course of the disease, brain imaging should be performed when there is suspicion regarding the diagnosis.
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Rezaei et al. (2014) conducted a case report in Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) (n=1). A 12-month-old Iranian girl developed acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood following a febrile respiratory illness, presenting with convulsions and rapid neurological deterioration.
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