The propagation of acoustic modes over the 9140-km underwater path to Ascension during the Heard Island Feasibility Experiment is simulated. Using a modal decomposition of the parabolic-equation field, we find that mode coupling at the circumpolar front has significant impact on modal dispersion and modal repopulation, which complicates the pulse-arrival sequence. Modal dispersion and modal repopulation are calculated at eleven frequencies from 52 to 62 Hz, and the effects on pulse spreading are shown.
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Shang et al. (1994) studied this question.