Forensic tri-allelic SNP genotyping using nanopore sequencing

The potential and current state-of-the-art of forensic SNP genotyping using nanopore sequencing was investigated with a panel of 16 tri-allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), multiplexing five samples per sequencing run. The sample set consisted of three single-source human genomic reference control DNA samples and two GEDNAP samples, simulating casework samples. The primers for the multiplex SNP-loci PCR were taken from a study which researched their value in a forensic setting using conventional single-base extension technology. Workflows for multiplexed Oxford Nanopore Technologies' 1D and 1D 2 sequencing were developed that provide correct genotyping of most SNP loci. Loci that are problematic for nanopore sequencing were characterized. When such loci are avoided, nanopore sequencing of forensic tri-allelic SNPs is technically feasible.