A case for conserving common species

This Perspective is part of the Conservation Stories from the Front Lines CollectionI grew up in a country where fish were, first and foremost, food.At the age of nine or so, I started following my dad and uncle to nearby rivers to fish on weekends, and soon I learned to make my own tackle and go back to the rivers to fish with my friends.We never caught a lot of fish, but every fish we caught came home with us to be eaten.It never occurred to us to consider what ecological role these fish might play or how they fit into the ecosystem.In Ghana, West Africa, like in almost all the developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, viewing fish primarily as food flows naturally from the need to survive.Once survival is secured, humans can start thinking about other things, like prestige or social status, for example [1].As I entered my postdoc in ecology and conservation-me, a Ghanaian who identified more with fisheries and natural resource management-I felt the distinction keenly.I had not studied for any of my degrees under brand-name ecologists or conservation scientists, which I had come to realize was helpful in launching an academic career in our field.I understood then that professional pedigree really matters.What I know now is that this is not merely for the prestige and access such mentorship provides but for the intellectual shelter and sustenance I must provide as a principal investigator (PI).This is the story of building my niche as an ecosystem engineer.But it is also the story of recognizing the ecological role of species we take for granted-and why we should fund research on common species that may sustain the rare ones, some of which we have yet to discover.As a new PI, I would need to carve out my own niche to attract funding while also ensuring that my research program was interesting and topical enough to attract topnotch graduate students who would be proud to take a chance on my uncertain name recognition to advance their own careers.This is no small feat.My choice of research program was also constrained by the fact that my institution already had all sorts of established fish biologists, who studied game species; large river, reservoir, and marine ecosystems; and threatened and endangered species of streams.Of course, my colleagues had become established in these areas because that is where nearly all the research funding was and still is going.Driven by considerations of cost and convenience, I decided to go local.I recruited my first group of students to study the fishes of the wadeable tributaries of the upper and middle New River in Virginia and North Carolina in the United States.Because it is a rather depauperate system with almost no fish species listed as of conservation concern by state or federal agencies, we had no competition.But we didn't have much idea of what we were looking to do either.I had no particular species of interest in mind but vaguely planned to characterize the fish communities and determine the relationship between community structure and land use and land cover in the watersheds.