Nanoporous BaTiO3 particles with an average diameter of 27 nm have been synthesized using a soft template based on poloxamer. The pore width has been found to be ∼10 nm. The nanoporous particles have a surface area of 107 m2gm−1. This introduces a large surface area leading to the creation of a large number of oxygen vacancies. The latter contributes to the ferromagnetic behavior of the nanoparticles. A multiferroic property was exhibited by these particles. The oxygen vacancy concentration decreased as the BaTiO3 particle size increased. The magnetization decreased with an increase in the particle size. A magnetodielectric parameter of 11% has been observed in this system corresponding to an applied magnetic field of 10 kOe.
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Banerjee et al. (2011) studied this question.
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