The barrier method: A single-crystalline ZnO nanobelt is placed between two Pd electrodes in an NH3-containing atmosphere (see image) and its rectifying characteristics are observed under dc bias; the rectifying effect is ascribed to back-to-back Schottky barriers formed at the nanobelt/Pd contacts. This indicates the potential for making gas sensors based on semiconductor/metal heterostructures on the nanoscale.
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Xu et al. (2006) studied this question.
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