Oxygen K -edge XANES of germanates investigated using first-principles calculations

O K-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of α-quartz-type and rutile-type GeO₂ polymorphs and of K₂Ge₈O₁₇ have been analyzed using first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential calculations. XANES spectra have been calculated using supercell including core-hole effects and good agreement with experiment has been obtained. In the the case of GeO₂ polymorphs, local density of empty states has been performed and peaks in the experimental spectra can be assigned to transitions involving hybridization of the O0.2em0exp orbitals with the Ge0.2em0exs, Ge0.2em0exp, Ge0.2em0exsp, and Ge0.2em0exd orbitals. Furthermore, peak positions in the theoretical spectra appear to be correlated with changes in the Ge-O-Ge angle as well as indirectly with the Ge coordination geometry. Analysis of O K-edge XANES spectra for individual O sites in K₂Ge₈O₁₇ shows that oxygens shared between two fivefold Ge atoms or one fourfold and one fivefold Ge atom exhibit subtle shifts to lower energy of the peaks, which have been previously observed in alkali germanate glasses at and above the germanate anomaly.