Correlation between masticatory pattern and craniofacial morphometric parameters in children

Relevance. Craniofacial morphometric parameters are known to influence the characteristics of the masticatory muscles. Previous studies have demonstrated that cranial dimensions affect the structure and function of the masticatory musculature. However, there is a lack of data on the relationship between cranial morphology and the electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles—specifically, the temporalis muscle, which tends to show higher activity in children with a dolichocephalic head shape, and the masseter muscle, which is typically more developed in brachycephalic individuals. The present study aimed to assess the correlation between craniofacial morphometric characteristics and masticatory muscle activity patterns using surface electromyographic (EMG) analysis. Materials and methods. The study involved 32 children aged 7 to 12 years. Each participant underwent a comprehensive clinical examination and surface electromyographic (EMG) assessment of the masseter and temporalis muscles to evaluate their functional activity. Results. A mixed masticatory pattern was identified in 56.3% of participants, a temporalis-dominant pattern in 18.8%, and a masseter-dominant pattern in 24.9%. An indirect inverse correlation was observed between craniofacial morphometric parameters and the Statistical Stabilizing Occlusion Index — a calculated EMG parameter reflecting the spatial position of the functional center of masticatory muscle activity. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.92. As cranial index values increased, the Statistical Stabilizing Occlusion Index decreased, indicating a shift in the functional muscle activation center. Conclusion. The study demonstrated a correlation between masticatory muscle activity patterns and craniofacial morphometric characteristics in children. These findings should be considered in the functional diagnosis and treatment planning of pediatric patients. Early intervention to correct masticatory muscle function may contribute to the prevention of certain dentofacial disorders.