Avalanche upconversion is reported for Er3+ doped fluoroindate glass pumped at 633.5 nm. Strong frequency upconversion signals and intensity dependent transmittances are observed. The results of the transient and steady-state measurements agree well with the predictions of a rate-equation model which take into account cross-relaxation processes among pairs of erbium ions.
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Rakov et al. (1997) studied this question.
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