Effectiveness and safety of 110 or 150 mg dabigatran vs. vitamin K antagonists in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation

Aims We compared the 1‐year safety and effectiveness of dabigatran 110 mg (D110) or 150 mg (D150) twice daily to vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Methods New user cohort study of patients dispensed D110 or D150 vs. VKA in 2013 for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, followed 1 year in the French Système National des Données de Santé (66 million persons). D110 and D150 users were matched 1:1 with VKA users on sex, age, date of first drug dispensing and high‐dimensional propensity score. Hazard ratios [HR (95% confidence intervals)] for stroke and systemic embolism (SSE), major bleeding (MB) and death were computed using Cox proportional hazards or Fine and Gray models during exposure. Results In 14 442 matched D110 and VKA patients, mean age 79, 49% male, 91% with CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥2 and 8% with HAS‐BLED score >3, incidence rates of SSE were 1.9% and 2.6% person‐years [HR 0.69 (0.56–0.84)], MB 1.8% and 2.9% [0.62 (0.51–0.76)], death 7.2% and 8.6% [0.84 (0.76–0.94)]. In 8389 matched D150 and VKA patients, mean age 67, 67% male, 65% with CHA2DS2‐VASC ≥2; < 5% HAS‐BLED >3, incidence rates were for SSE 1.4% and 1.9% [0.76 (0.56–1.04)], MB 0.6% and 1.9% [0.30 (0.20–0.46)], death 1.6% and 3.6% [0.46 (0.35–0.59)]. Numbers needed to treat to observe one fewer death were 78 for D110, 88 for D150. Conclusion In real life D110 and D150 were at least as effective, and safer than VKA.