During field research in 2022 in the area of Kvarner and Istria, the spontaneous appearance of three non-native species (Catalpa ovata, Oenothera lindheimeri, Salvia hispanica) outside the area of primary cultivation was observed. These species are ornamental plants, food plants or part of the park dendroflora. It seems that these species appear as casual, but monitoring in the next years will show whether their naturalization will be successful.
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Hohla et al. (2023) studied this question.
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