Traditional Uses, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Ficus auriculata: A Review

Ficus auriculata belongs to family Moraceae. It is also known as Elephant earfig tree because of its large leaves. In India it is commonly known as Timla, Gular , Tirmal, Timal, Timbal, Tremal, Trimmal.. The plants are mainly distributed in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions of about 1800–2600 m altitude. It is native to Asia, especially in India, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia.The plants have great ethnomedicinal importance and are used in traditional folk medicine for curing many ailments in humans. The plants rich in Phytoconstituent e.g. alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, phytosterols, resins, phenols, tannins, diterpenes, flavonoids, proteins, and amino acids which are present in barks, leaves and fruit extract. The review reveals that huge numbers of phytochemicals which was isolated from the plant possesses the biological and pharmacological properties are shown by the bark, leaves and fruits extract of Ficus auriculata i.e antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, histopathological studies, toxicity activity, anticancerous, antidiabatic, hyperlipidemic, hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory. Leaf extract has also an important role in Glutathione level in cardiac and also used as fodder for farming system, for medicinal properties and for further commercial purpose.